Whether you ask your audience their opinion on a recent event or ask an open-ended question they can provide the answer to, using Instagram Questions can provide insightful qualitative data about what matters most to your online community. When gathering feedback, it’s important to understand the values, skills and attributes that your company focuses on. What percentage of the information was new to you? Select: 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%. Today, we’re sharing 9 questions to ask employees for feeedback as you head into annual planning season. Open-ended questions, on the other hand, let respondents answer in their own words, and require respondents to pause, think, and reflect. 8 course evaluation questions to ask 1. HANDOUT: CLARIFYING AND PROBING QUESTIONS Name: _____ “Asking a good question can be valuable in and of itself, irrespective of the answer. As a rule of thumb, it’s best to use one open-ended question for every 15 Likert scale questions on your surveys. Motivational interviewing requires four key communication skills that support and strengthen the process of eliciting change talk, also known as OARS: Open-ended questions. “ That sounds like a piece of cake,” some may presume. One of the most significant decisions that can affect how people answer questions is whether the question is posed as an open-ended question, where respondents provide a response in their own words, or a closed-ended question, where they are asked to choose from a list of answer choices. Customer feedback can be used for many reasons. Keeping your objectives in mind, create a list of both close-ended and open-ended questions to ask employees at regular intervals. Avoid closed-ended questions, such as those that ask students to list characteristics, define terms, explain concepts, or recall facts. If they say yes, you can make more questions appear regarding that experience, so you can really dig in and find out how the team is doing overall or even how a specific team member is doing. You can use surveys, phone calls, emails, or online platforms to collect feedback. Tips for getting the most from your employee satisfaction surveys: Clarify your objectives: know what you want to achieve with the survey before you start Keep surveys concise: avoid overwhelming employees with too many questions Ask open-ended questions: give team members a chance to express themselves freely Share results. always use questions more than any other skill during client sessions c. A question used to encourage participation in discussion, for example, may be different to a question used to check a student’s understanding of the material. 4. 2. Higher‐ order questions often start with question stems such as . Identify why you need feedback. Step 4: Test the survey. Here are some techniques to draw out what you need to know. In this article, we’ve discussed four types of probing questions in customer service and how they will effectively help you provide a great customer experience. If you can, walk through your step-by-step thought process and give examples. Don’t just simply ask, “what do you think?”, because it isn’t narrow enough to give you actionable results. Asking powerful questions for feedback is both an art and a science, requiring practice, patience, and creativity. Key Takeaways: 360-degree employee feedback incorporates commentary from peers, managers, and direct reports. Look for. . The open ended survey question explores qualitative, in-depth aspects of a particular topic or issue. What processes can be fixed or improved? Qualitative research is a methodology designed to collect non-numerical data to gain insights. This question gets the parents involved in decision making which makes them more likely to support policy changes in your school. Qualitative data collects information that seeks to describe a topic more than measure it. If possible, put them on a separate page at the end. You can ask on-page feedback questions in different. 20. Keep communication clear and open. Always make sure the questions are clear, to the point, and very easy to answer. Avoid asking leading questions, those that prompt or suggest the answer, and yes/no questions. app and create an account if you don't already have one. Ask for it often. ”. Asking questions is a uniquely powerful tool for unlocking value in organizations: It spurs learning and the exchange of ideas, it fuels. Below are some widely used types of questions with sample examples of these question types: 1. Non-binary – A blanket term to describe those who do not feel exclusively male or female. Open-ended survey questions provide qualitative research data. The Dichotomous Question. These could be about anything, ranging from the company culture to personal growth opportunities. Multiple choice survey questions are questions that offer respondents a variety of different responses to choose from. Questions to Ask Students During Class63 Fun Questions to Get Your Kid Talking. It also makes it difficult to truly listen to the other person because there isn't much you can gain from a short, non-descriptive response. Demographic questions. Not only are these questions designed to elicit a longer and more detailed response, but they, likewise, ask the respondent to take extra. However, even though this is a standard demographic question, how you approach it is extremely important. A closed-ended question often contains a scale, asking you to rate something from 1–5 or to put items in the order of most to least important. These include: Multiple choice questions. Assessment Credit: ImageFlow / Shutterstock Imagine two scenarios: Asking powerful questions for feedback is both an art and a science, requiring practice, patience, and creativity. There is a right way and a wrong way to ask questions – especially open-ended questions. Asking a basic open-ended question before getting into the meat of the review can make the experience feel a lot more human, and can help the new employee feel more at ease. Asking amazing great questions is skill like any other skill, it takes practice. 3. Checklist to conduct an effective post-webinar survey. A company’s mission and current initiatives should be considered when brainstorming questions. This seems quirky to me however. WattBuy Director of Design. yes/no or multiple choice) help you quantify feedback, but open-ended questions give you insight in your users’ own words and help you find errors or surface ideas you haven’t considered before. To Improve Your Marketing Messages. 4. There’s much more to an NPS® survey than just the quantitative rating customers give. React when their beliefs are challenged. What would you do if you had to collaborate on a project with a colleague with whom you disagreed? 7. Email is one of the easiest ways to gather candid customer feedback. Ten years ago, more than 80% of survey questions only offered two gender answer options. It is where carefully formulated design thinking questions reveal themselves as a great way to approach a even before designers start “designing. It’s more effective, then, to ask a question than to make a statement. come up with one related clarifying question and one related probing question. This. START YOUR TRIAL. 1. Ask questions that require an extended response or at least a "content" answer. This will give you more detailed feedback and make it easier to get accurate results. Create: Ask students to use what they’ve learned to construct something new. It asks you to give an NPS score — a score of 0-10 that measures the willingness of customers to recommend a product or. When you ask an open question, it gives the other person an opportunity to elaborate and offer an in-depth explanation. Here are the top course evaluation questions every instructor should ask. Ask your students to provide other examples of something you’re learning about. HubSpot offers a variety of free customer surveys and questionnaire templates to analyze and measure customer experience. What is the evidence. Performance & Feedback. The critical “investigative phase” should not be bypassed—it is a vital component in the design-thinking process. It’s important that people come to the performance review. Before we dive into our list of 70+ question examples, here is a quick overview of the six different survey question types they belong to, with a few examples for each: Open-ended questions. Asking Questions That Stretch Children’s Thinking. A multiple choice question is considered a closed-ended question. In other words, the entire question stems from the assumption of the interrogator, with regards to the actions or perception of the client. For example, “With the best at the top, rank these items from best to worst”. Combine Closed Ended and Open Ended Questions together – to begin you can use closed ended questions at the beginning of the conversation and then use open ended questions to expand the child’s language, thoughts and ideas. Try to view all feedback in a positive light. You can do this by asking the other person to provide specific examples. Gender is a complicated and sensitive topic and how you phrase this question can impact your participants in different ways. Open-Ended questions - Comments Question. Open-ended questions are a research tool that allows for a wide range of possible answers and encourages respondents to provide detailed and personalized responses. Demographic questions. Let’s take a deeper look at both question types, review their strengths and. Plan a private VIP focus group event. Questions are anonymous, creating an open and safe environment. An open-ended question opens up a topic for exploration and discussion while a closed-ended question leads to a closed-off conversational path. Climate change involves significant changes in average conditions—such as temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of climate—that occur over years, decades, centuries, or longer. It can also. Even if you feel annoyed or frustrated, try to ask questions politely and respectfully. what makes them “tick”) How well their manager supports them. Choose from five templates: net promoter score, customer satisfaction, customer effort, open-ended questions, and long-form customer surveys. With open-ended questions 📝. Usually limited to perhaps six to eight participants, small-group interviews follow the same informal “rules” as those described above – set questions, with the freedom to ask others, length determined by the interviewees’ interest (within reason – some interviews would last for days if the interviewer allowed them to), and open-ended. Open-ended questions are questions that are designed to encourage people to share more than a one-word response and typically start with words like “what,” “how,” or “why. After a usability test, you have one final chance to ask the user questions that have yet to be covered elsewhere. close-ended questions. This could include many of the above, like yes or no multiple choice questions, rating scale questions, and Likert scale. Get more survey guidelines to help you on survey creation. How can you show Ms. This will open a form pre-populated with your meeting attendees’ information, and allows you to add both close-ended and open-ended questions to. Ask open-ended questions. Identifying your ideal target audience for your survey is critical to receiving more accurate answers. For example, “With the best at the top, rank these items from best to worst”. Using open questions. For example, if a restaurant is collecting feedback about its service, it might use facial expressions to. Open-ended questions are questions that are designed to encourage people to share more than a one-word response and typically start with words like “what,” “how,” or “why. There are various ways of capturing their feedback. Open Ended Questions Examples To help you decide which questions are best to try out, I’ve divided these questions according to topics of conversation and unique settings. In the below example, a one word. 16. Open-ended questions provide unique responses that must be closely looked at to reach any sort of conclusion; if your survey consists of thousands of people, this can be an overwhelming task. 1. Questions can review, restate, emphasize, and/or summarize what is important. Our team put together in this article 100 questions you can use to build your next Feedback form or survey. I’m going to give provide you with a list of 71 comprehensive open ended questions to get the conversation going and keep it that way. ”, or “Onions. These trends can be caused by natural. Multiple Choice. When you’re still building trust with a client, consider asking just one question per session. Langston you acknowledge her feelings and situation? Select one: Give an empathetic response. Ask a colleague for feedback on your questions prior to the lesson. To know how to ask good questions, understand the basic question types. If you'd like my complete list of 450 sales questions for every situation, download this ebook. These questions should not be too long. From the Magazine (May–June 2018) Sun Lee Summary. Be able to disagree without being disagreeable. They encourage a full answer, rather than the simple “yes” or “no” response that is usually. Browse questionnaire examples from Canva Docs and narrow your choices according to theme, style, and color. It can be awkward to start conversations, especially among people you have only met for the first time or are just starting to know after a few encounters. If you want feedback, you need to ask for it. Written by: Vanco Date: August 3, 2023. Reframing the question to ask what they were thinking, and feeling can did not do and why. While closed-ended questions (yes/no questions) can be useful, open-ended questions allow for more detailed and thoughtful responses that can provide more insight. Putting an opinion in your question prompt is asking a leading question. 2. One-on-one questions employees can ask managers. Demographic questions: These questions ask respondents to provide personal information about themselves, such as age, gender, income, education level, or ethnicity. These threats to human health are expected to increase with continued climate change. The Premium Plans’ pricing ranges from $20/month to $45/month and more Customer feedback questions to improve customer service experience. Filling out a feedback survey can be a big ask for busy customers, so keep yours as brief as possible. The dichotomous question is generally a "Yes/No" close-ended questionand is used for basic validation. Consider these two different scenarios: We ask questions with different scopes and target different areas for. Open-ended questions start with “Why?” “How?” and “What?”. Ask many people. Avoid loaded or leading questions People put far less effort into answering open-ended questions at the end of a survey. Open-ended questions allow for deep insight but are harder to quantify and analyze, while closed-ended questions are easier to analyze but don’t offer deep insight. What did they do to upset you, and how did you handle the situation? 6. It doesn't ask open ended questions; Responses are on a 3-, 5- or 7-point scale (or other type of scale) It doesn't ask for advice; Questions are functional, asking how well the UI did in helping the user reach their goal; You can certainly add some open ended questions to your questionnaire, such as "what are the 3 things you liked the most?" Survey Questions to Measure Customer Experience. In a recent SurveyMonkey Audience study, we found 57% of people have permanently stopped using a product after one bad experience. For example, “thinking about the last 3 months’ viewing, rank these TV streaming services in order of quality, starting with the best”. The question is also close-ended, asking whether respondents are ‘Likely’ or ‘Not likely’. However, like any class activity, they require planning and preparation. Take these questions to ask seriously. Do you ask questions that reinforce or revisit the learning objectives?In retrospect, I wish I’d asked more questions about their child and then listened more to what they had to say. “Provide your child’s teacher with more information on what motivates your child, likes and dislikes, special skills, strengths and weaknesses,” Shiabu says. Unlike customer satisfaction surveys, these feedback questions focus solely on customer interactions with the support team. We unpack the feedback request email structure, showing you how you can. The questions in a feedback survey provide insight into the employee's overall performance and strengths over a specific period. For example, if you’re looking for quantifiable feedback that’s easily monitored over time, asking rating scale questions (like NPS or CES) is the way to go. Common answers to dichotomous questions include “yes” or “no”; “true” or “false. The results from the second question tells us why and provides information that can be used to validate your centres management or provide items to take action on. To know how to ask good questions, understand the basic question types. Every few days he surprises me with a topic that seems to. It communicates your respect for the other person. Once the correct answer has been given, there isn’t much more to say, so the discussion fizzles out. Encourage them to give genuine feedback about what they liked about your brand. 2. On-page surveys take up a tiny amount of screen space and slide up from the bottom of the screen (like a chatbot). While it’s a good idea to ask participants for feedback before, during, and after an event. Per Wasik and Hindman (2013), open-ended prompts are often questions or statements that allow multiple responses and multi-word responses. Refer to the 100 Most Powerful Life Coaching Questions on our blog for in-depth examples of open-ended questions for use as a coach. Be on guard for fake references. . To Understand the Purchasing Experience. date: January 12, 2011. Rating scale questions. Unearths unexpected insights: Open-ended questions can reveal new information, ideas, or perspectives that the researcher may not have considered. There is no one-size-fits-all formula, but general guidelines and tips can. 1. These questions will provide you with vital information on the most. I’m Keen to Hear Your Thoughts. On the other hand, complaints can point to problems with a process or employee. Let's begin with five questions. Before we move forward in discussing how to use them, let’s define each: A closed-ended question is made up of pre-populated answer choices for the respondent to choose from; while an open-ended question asks the respondent to provide feedback in their own words. “Many receive advice, few profit by it!” – Publilius Syrus. Here are 13 questions you can ask employees in your 1-on-1s to help deepen your connections and encourage their growth and development. December 9, 2022 • ASCD Blog Using Questioning as a Feedback Strategy Cheryl Wilson Abstract Asking Questions Encourages Growth Tips for Providing Question-Based Feedback Questions Beyond the. The audience may start clapping before anyone even works up the courage to ask a question! 4 Ways to Ask for Questions. ” Wrapping Up. Some examples of closed questions include:. This list is available to download in two formats. To create a featured question, in Power BI, select More options (. Open-ended questions. Performance – Questions about the speed, responsiveness, and overall performance of the product. End-to-End User ExperienceClosed-ended questions are the type of questions that limit your survey taker’s response options. This section presents five of the more common purposes of asking questions in higher education classrooms. It’s a great replacement for “please provide feedback,” as it shows you want to find out whether someone can help you. Asking for feedback can be daunting. Open-ended questions are valuable because they allow you. “Open-ended” questions allow the respondent to express their opinions freely and they are not restricted by the options. The art of asking the. If the event includes a Q&A, the Q&A panel will be open when you join. . They elicit free-form candid responses that are only limited by respondents’ imagination and ability to express themselves. What would you do if an angry customer confronted you? 8. Where appropriate, start to turn some of your closed-ended questions into open-ended questions. This can damage your survey data because it can influence respondents to answer in a way that doesn’t reflect how they really feel. As you plan your performance review cycle, you may be running several different types of performance reviews. Close-ended questions can be structured using multiple-choice options, rating scales, drop-down menus, and radio buttons. Shorter and simpler surveys have higher response rates; therefore surveys with 5-6 questions give the best results. Peer feedback is one of the most effective ways to improve ourselves at work, though it can sometimes be difficult finding the correct way to approach feedback sessions. ”. To know how to ask good questions, understand the basic question types. Feel free to use the questions suggested above, or you can ask questions that are more specific to your restaurant. But in general, managers should frame the questions around a few key pillars: what went well, what could go better, and how you as a manager can provide better support. General leading questions should be used to encourage disclosure and acknowledgement of an individual’s feelings is crucial. What would you do if you had to collaborate on a project with a colleague with whom you disagreed? 7. Identify candidates who are results-oriented with interview questions that assess problem-solving skills. Test your students’ understanding of new vocabulary by asking for antonyms. Open-ended questions allow participants to give you feedback on anything your event survey may not have covered. 37 Classic and Common Questions Therapists Often Ask. Here are 30 examples of open-ended questions you may want to ask in your next business survey: 1. This question is an opportunity to provide feedback in the right places. Free HubSpot Questionnaire Template. Even when you ask for it, many people won’t really share thoughtful feedback with you, but overall, the amount and quality of feedback you get will be a lot higher than if you don’t ask for it. Open-ended questions. Ask the right questions to the right audience. What was your greatest accomplishment at work? Start positive. This isn't helpful during active listening as it keeps the conversation from flowing. Asking questions is a uniquely powerful tool for unlocking value in organizations: It spurs learning and the exchange of ideas, it fuels. (They are designed with this Avery (8577 using Template 8387) Postcard template, so you could also buy the Avery cards and print on them to make it easier). Ask questions in many formats (multiple-choice, rating scale, open-ended, slider questions, etc. While there isn’t an official book of survey questions or survey taxonomy, I find it helpful to break down survey. Questions are a way of engaging with students to keep their attention and to reinforce their participation. After all the time and labor spent on the event, you want to extract all of the benefits you can! So here’s a 10-point checklist to help you out. Closed-ended questions provide quantitative data, while open-ended questions supply you with opinions and comments in the attendees’ own words. 360-degree feedback questions examples. Some examples of clarifying questions are:If you want to get more information about a particular customer support agent, you can ask an open-ended question where the customer can provide detailed feedback. Ask many people. 228 Customer Feedback Questions for Your Perfect Satisfaction Survey. 8. What processes. Select Semantic models > Retail Analysis sample > Featured Q&A. Closed clarifying questions: They simply reiterate a part. Open ended questions work well when you want to explore an attendees thoughts or opinions in their own words, and gather more individual responses. 3) Mentimeter Mentimeter is an audience response system which allows presenters to create polls using multiple choice or open ended questions, polls based on a point-based system, or use dual axis or. Uber. To Learn About Competitors. Evoking is central to motivational interviewing, but it is also most challenging to master as it is vastly different from traditional advice-giving. Ideal for feedback surveys are rating polls and open text polls. Stop, start, continue questions. For students learning science, their questions have the potential to (a) direct their learning and drive knowledge construction; (b) foster discussion and debate, thereby enhancing the quality of discourse and classroom talk; (c) help them to self‐evaluate and monitor their understanding; and (d) increase their. In this article, we will show you 21 perfectly designed examples of customer satisfaction survey questions for SaaS and free, ready-to-use survey templates. Another key ingredient to a successful survey is knowing which type of question to use. For example, “thinking about the last 3 months’ viewing, rank these TV streaming services in order of quality, starting with the best”. You then realize that you have to come up with relevant questions to ask participants. Above all, listen. questions should be arranged in a logical order to obtain continuity in the lesson. Provoke thought. It is important to focus on the key elements of the essay. Understanding the importance of it for any company, we have this article that is about to cover what you need to know about focus group questions and 20+ effective focus group questions to gain in-depth customer mindsets. Start a conversation. To Showcase Your Strengths. Before sending the survey to users, you should test it to make sure it works as it should and that all the questions are easy to understand. 64 Questions to ask stakeholders of a project or initiative: Priorities, Goals, and Objectives. Create consistent rating scales. Employee Feedback Questions Business Questions: 1. Shorter and simpler surveys have higher response rates; therefore surveys with 5-6 questions give the best results. Be constructive and supportive when seeking improvements. Open-ended questions help people expound on an idea or issue and carry the conversation forward without getting stunted in potentially awkward silence or little. Tell me about a time your former manager or coworker upset you. These questions are usually accompanied by an "other" option that the respondent can fill in with a customer answer if the options don't apply to them. Sample answer: “I would listen calmly, ask for specific examples, and request a private meeting to discuss further. 1. Before we move forward in discussing how to use them, let’s define each: A closed-ended question is made up of pre-populated answer choices for the respondent to choose from; while an open-ended question asks the respondent to provide feedback in their own words. Open-ended questions provide the respondent with the opportunity to share much more information. Additionally, strong leaders are open to innovation. Instead, ask an open-ended question. Task Completion – Inquires about users’ success in accomplishing specific tasks or goals using the product. Generally, you can say “I’m keen to hear your thoughts,” when you respect the recipient. ” - Adapted from the Iowa Peace Institute Message Clarifying Questions are simple questions of fact. To Test a Product, Service or Strategy. There is no one-size-fits-all formula, but. Here are the top course evaluation questions every instructor should ask. When an instructor asks a question, students can either respond, ask a question, or give no response. When we ask children questions—especially big, open-ended questions—we support their language development and critical thinking. Diary studies. Post-event surveys allow associations to receive direct feedback from members to assess the successes. Be clear and brief: Write concise questions. Here are some examples of common corporate values at work: Integrity: Acting with honesty and professionalism, and respecting company policies. The best way to go about this? Ask your users for their feedback. That way, respondents won’t feel overwhelmed by too broad a question. 7 examples of open-ended questions vs closed-ended questions. Ask open-ended questions. 2. The reason, psychologically. 2. The best managers share real time feedback—be it positive or constructive. Teachers ask questions to help students uncover what has been learned, to comprehensively. Dichotomous Questions. 1. Use forms. Traffic light your responses, then choose 1 or 2 ambers to develop and work on in collaboration with your supervisor/ mentor/ coach. Leading questions. A patient satisfaction survey is essential for several reasons: 1. Be as specific as you can about how the respondent should consider the options and how to rank them. 1,2 Questions are often used to stimulate the recall of prior knowledge, promote comprehension, and build critical-thinking skills. Compared to binary questions, which give you only two answer options, Likert-type questions will get you more granular feedback about whether your product was just “good enough” or (hopefully) “excellent. Ask questions. Even when you ask for it, many people won’t really share thoughtful feedback with you, but overall, the amount and quality of feedback you get will be a lot higher than if you don’t ask for it. Ask open-ended questions instead of multiple-choice ones when possible. A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. more than 500 employees. All of the questions above are examples of close-ended survey questions. Open ended questions. That’s because so often, questions are inappropriate – and this can derail the empathy within the counselling relationship. 2. By 2022, the number of surveys offering three or more options increased to 64%. e. What processes. Seek feedback on your progress. Here are 59 questions you can ask in your next focus group to uncover insights from your participants that will propel your business. Though closed questions typically require a 'yes' or 'no' response, it's important that you still try to be thorough and informative with your answer. Beginning a conversation with “Tell me about…” is another way to ask an open-ended. However,. However, it’s always a good idea to have a reference confirm and clarify the facts the candidate already provided. WorkforceEmpower your work leaders, make informed decisions and drive employee engagement. a) Give up social media forever b) give up tv forever. Closed ended questions, on the other hand, limit the respondent to a predetermined list of response options. But to accurately measure engagement, there are a few questions you must be asking. 4. 1. The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not focused or researchable. Ask Open-Ended Questions . These types of questions often provide valuable information that allows others to ask more effective probing questions. These questions are more time-consuming to analyze but provide deep feedback. It’s commonly used to gather in-depth, qualitative data on a. Tip!Tip 4: Ask Clarifying Questions. For example, shareholders provide financial resources and support, while customers provide feedback and insights about products and services. Here are some critical questions to ask about the teachers and faculty. The best volunteer surveys are a concise mix of questions like matrix, multiple-choice, and open-ended. Open-ended questions are beneficial when asked right after a scale-based question, as they. Examples of closed questions. Ensure that the questions are objective and measurable. One of the key aspects of asking for feedback from clients is “time”. Build your survey. Letting the child talk to the class about a favorite subject, play a favorite game, or connect with another child who likes the same things will. Let them know you're actively. questions, ask them at the right time, ask follow-up questions appropriately to get more depth and assure understanding, and take notes. They tend to further exploration on a deeper level or in a broader way. Likert scale questions. Email is one of the easiest ways to gather candid customer feedback. Review core values. Questions around company culture and motivation. A lack of two-way feedback may be a sign of conflict avoidance. There are better ways to ask for questions. The Q&A slide-type can give your audience during meetings and workshops the chance to ask questions anonymously. December 9, 2022 • 6 min ASCD Blog Using Questioning as a Feedback Strategy a Cheryl Wilson Abstract Asking Questions Encourages Growth Tips for Providing Question-Based Feedback Questions Beyond the Classroom Feedback that sparks inquiry encourages a growth mindset in students. Is my relationship diagram ready? A relationship diagram is an effective way of recognizing links between different elements of a complex research topic. Or you can ask her about what the telltale signs for a good and bad person are. This survey question type provides respondents with a text field so they could give an answer in their own words. Notice that Q&A is already being helpful by displaying some suggested questions. Asking amazing great questions is skill like any other skill, it takes practice. A questionnaire is typically a mix of open. 11 Open-Ended Questions to Ask Customers in Surveys. Open-ended questions ask people to provide answers in their own words and are designed to elicit more information than is possible in a multiple choice or other closed-ended format. .